Association Norms
Associations are commonly collected by presenting target stimuli to participants in an experiment, who then provide associate responses, i.e., words that are called to mind by the stimulus words. The quantification of the resulting target-association pairs is called association norms.
Example: associations to the German verb klagen
We have performed several web experiments to collect
associations. The resources are freely available for education,
research and other non-commercial purposes. Please contact me to
obtain the data.
Available associations and association norms:
- association norms for German verbs (collected by Sabine Schulte
im Walde, Alissa Melinger, and Katrin Erk)
- association norms for Italian verbs (collected by Annamaria
Guida, Alessandro Lenci, and Sabine Schulte im Walde)
- associations for French verbs (collected by Daniela Marzo and
Sabine Schulte im Walde)
- association norms for German noun compounds (collected by
Susanne Borgwaldt and Sabine Schulte im Walde)
- associations to German nouns (collected by Alissa Melinger and Andrea Weber), cf. their Database of Noun Associations for German that can be accessed online.
References:
Sabine Schulte im Walde, Susanne Borgwaldt, Ronny Jauch
Association Norms of German Noun Compounds [pdf/bib]
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Istanbul, Turkey, May 2012.
Sabine Schulte im Walde, Alissa Melinger
An In-Depth Look into the Co-Occurrence Distribution of Semantic Associates [doi/bib; pre-print version: pdf; errata: pdf]
Italian Journal of Linguistics 20(1):89-128. Special Issue on From Context to Meaning: Distributional Models of the Lexicon in Linguistics and Cognitive Science. 2008.
Sabine Schulte im Walde, Alissa Melinger, Michael Roth, Andrea Weber
An Empirical Characterisation of Response Types in German Association Norms [doi/bib; pre-print version: pdf]
Research on Language and Computation 6(2):205-238, 2008.
Annamaria Guida
The Representation of Verb Meaning within Lexical Semantic Memory: Evidence from Word Associations
Master's Thesis. Universitá degli studi di Pisa. 2007.